Characterization and Detection of Olive Oil Adulterations Using Chemometrics

Characterization and Detection of Olive Oil Adulterations Using Chemometrics

10 Jul 2016

This application note describes the use of UPLC-TOF and integrated chemometric software tools to characterize and detect olive oil adulterants, namely rape and hazelnut oils. Adulteration of olive oil has significant impacts on the economy and in rare cases has led to deaths when industrial oil was marketed as olive oil. In this article it is shown how technology can reduce the risk of this happening in the future.

LCT Premier XE

Waters

Market Leading LC-TOF-MS with Unrivalled Sensitivity, Exact Mass and Dynamic Range for Qualitative Applications The Waters LCT Premier™ XE is the market-leading orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight (oa-TOF) benchtop mass spectrometer for LC applications. Based on proven and reliable technology, the LCT Premier XE provides unrivalled all round performance for those challenging LC/MS applications. The LCT Premier XE's high sensitivity Z-Spray ion source, ion transfer optics and TOF analyzer provides the most sensitive benchtop oa-TOF instrument in its class, giving capability of detecting very low level components with full spectral information. Enhanced resolution (up to 15,000 FWHM over 30,000 m/z) spectral data provides the capability of high accuracy exact mass measurements providing improved data specificity through elemental composition calculations resulting in an increased confidence in your data. For challenging and complex samples, the rapid spectral acquisition rate and wide dynamic range provide optimized detection capabilities making it the ideal MS instrument for qualitative applications. The Waters LCT Premier XE provides a powerful platform for MS analyses, upon which total system solutions may be designed to maximize data quality for your application. Its small footprint sits easily on your laboratory benchtop and is optimized for simplified fluidic connections to your LC system. When combined with ACQUITY UPLC, the LCT Premier XE provides optimized full spectral MS detection for UPLC separations, providing unsurpassed speed sensitivity and resolution for high throughput applications.

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ACQUITY UPLC System

Waters

Waters ACQUITY UPLC - Dramatic Improvements in Speed, Sensitivity and Resolution Whether you work in methods development or quality assurance, in drug discovery and development or testing for safety in food supplies, you seek a productivity edge. With the ACQUITY UPLC® System, now you can get more information in a single, short run than you've ever seen with HPLC. Waters ACQUITY UPLC System UltraPerformance LC® (UPLC®) technology starts with unique 1.7 μm small-particle chemistries. Chromatographers no longer need to choose between speed and resolution–with UPLC you get both. Instrument Designed for Chemistry; Chemistry Designed for the Instrument The ACQUITY UPLC System has been holistically designed to match the performance needs of our innovative column chemistries with robust hardware, easy-to-use software and specialized support services. Small, pressure-tolerant particles High-pressure fluidic modules Minimized system volume Negligible carryover Reduced cycle times Fast response detectors Integrated system software and diagnostics With UPLC you have the ability to work more efficiently with higher speed, sensitivity and resolution at a much wider range of linear velocities, flow rates and backpressures to obtain superior results. The Waters ACQUITY UPLC System's high-pressure fluidics optimizes flow rates to make the most of small particle technology. The ACQUITY UPLC System's sample-handling design is designed to ensure exceptionally low carryover and reduced cycle time. And when interfaced with the Sample Organizer, it increases unattended sample capacity by ten times. High-speed detectors, both optical and mass, contribute to increased sensitivity and help manage the heightened speed and resolution requirements of UPLC. ACQUITY UPLC Systems are easily controlled, diagnosed, and monitored via a graphical system console interface. The console offers: Quick and easy access to critical instrument parameters Simple system start-up, elegant system status monitoring and predictive performance indicators to ensure maximum productivity Data management capabilities that are supported by both MassLynx™ and Empower™ software The ACQUITY UPLC System is also supported by Intelligent Device Management technology with our Connections® INSIGHT™ service, providing instrument diagnostics.

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MassLynx MS Software

Waters

Acquire, Analyze, Manage, and Share Mass Spectrometry Information MassLynx™ Software increases the speed at which you can convert your sample data into valuable knowledge. It provides you with the fundamental platform to acquire, analyze, manage, and share your mass spectrometry information. MassLynx intelligently controls any Waters mass spectrometry system, from sample and solvent management components to mass spectrometer and auxiliary detectors. MassLynx Software may acquire nominal mass, exact mass, MS/MS and exact mass MS/MS data. MassLynx’s Sample List is the core of the system. It maintains and consolidates the data on all of your samples. You also initiate any activities related to your sample from the Sample List. This "sample centric" approach simplifies the interaction with your LC/MS or GC/MS system, acquired data and processed results. Process Application-specific Data MassLynx Software features general purpose and specialized Application Managers that provide information for your specific MS analyses and data. Two come standard with MassLynx: QuanLynx™ for automated quantification included as standard with MassLynx OpenLynx™ for qualitative screening and identification Optional Application Managers can perform: Targeted quantitative analysis Mass-directed purification Metabolite identification Deconvolution of complex chromatograms Metabonomics & metabolomics Protein identification and protein characterization

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Gas ChromatographyGas chromatography (GC) is an analytical technique used to separate and quantitate mixtures of small and volatile compounds. Gas chromatographs or GC systems include components such as GC columns, detectors, pumps and autosamplers. Choose from packed or capillary GC columns, flame ionization (FID), photoionization (PID) electron capture detectors and selective or non-selective detectors. Find the best gas chromatographs in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.UHPLC and HPLCHigh performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), also known as UPLC, are analytical techniques used to separate, identify and quantitate components of complex mixtures including biological samples such as proteins and lipids as well as chemical mixtures of pesticides, drugs and oils. Both techniques are liquid chromatographic methods but differ by operating pressures (HPLC < 6000 psi < UHPLC ). Components of HPLC and UHPLC systems include columns, detectors, pumps, autosamplers and column heaters. Explore a range of UHPLC and HPLC columns for your specific sample needs including reverse phase, normal phase, ion exchange, HILIC, ion exclusion and size exclusion columns. For more specialized HPLC, explore FPLC, countercurrent LC and simulated moving bed systems. Find the best UHPLC and HPLC equipment in our peer reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Environmental Monitoring and TestingEnvironmental monitoring and testing uses handheld portable analyzers, kits, spectrometers or chromatography systems for air, water, soil, food and other sample testing. Useful features of analyzers such as BOD and COD include portability, easy calibration, automation and sensitivity.  Environmental test kits for pH, water, moisture, etc, should be accurate, sensitive, reliable, fast and easy to use.Food and Beverage AnalyzersFood and Beverage Analyzers are commonly used to provide information about the chemical composition, structure and physical properties of food materials.Food and Beverage ProcessingFood and Beverage Processing involves the preparation of food products for further analysis. Typical instrumentation includes blanchers, color sorters, cookers, grinders, and refrigeration. These are used to replicate the processes commonly used in the commercial preparation of food and beverages.Data AnalysisData analysis hardware and software is available to make data processing straight-forward yet powerful. Data software can be used for math and stats, technical graphing and image analysis. In addition, software is available for specific data analysis of electrophoresis, densitometry, ELISA and DNA sequencing.Quality ControlQuality control is needed in all production processes. Quality control is a monitoring procedure or set of procedures that are put in place to ensure that a manufactured product adheres to a defined set of quality criteria. Food AuthenticationFood authentication ensures that food products are accurately labeled and free from adulteration or misrepresentation. This is important for consumer safety, quality control, and regulatory compliance. Explore food authentication tools in our peer-reviewed product directory; compare products, check reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.ChromatographyChromatography is a powerful technique used to separate and analyze components of mixtures based on their chemical properties. It is widely used in fields like biochemistry, pharmaceuticals, and environmental analysis. By exploiting differences in the interaction of substances with a stationary phase and a mobile phase, chromatography enables precise purification and quantification of compounds. Whether you're working with complex biological samples or industrial chemicals, chromatography is essential for obtaining high-quality results. Browse our peer-reviewed product directory to find the best chromatography systems, compare products, read customer reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.Food TestingFood testing refers to a variety experiments including PCR, mass spectrometry, processing, QuEChERS, analyzing and Kjeldahl.Food ContaminationFood contamination refers to the presence of harmful substances or pathogens in food, posing risks to human health. Contaminants can be biological, chemical, or physical, and their detection is crucial for ensuring food safety. Advanced testing methods like PCR, chromatography, and spectroscopy are used to identify contaminants in food products. Browse our peer-reviewed product directory to find the best solutions for food contamination detection, compare products, check reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.Food QualityFood quality refers to the attributes of food that influence its safety, nutrition, and taste. Monitoring and ensuring food quality are essential in production to meet health regulations and consumer expectations. Techniques like spectroscopy, chromatography, and microbial testing are used to assess food properties and detect contaminants. Browse our peer-reviewed product directory to find food quality testing solutions; compare products, check reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.SpectrometrySpectrometry is a technique used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. It provides valuable information about the composition, structure, and molecular weight of compounds. Used across a variety of fields, including chemistry, biology, and environmental science, spectrometry is essential for identifying substances, analyzing mixtures, and developing new products. Explore the best spectrometry tools in our peer-reviewed product directory; compare products, check reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.
Characterization and Detection of Olive Oil Adulterations Using Chemometrics