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How imaging mass cytometry technology uniquely detects low-abundance biomarkers

Standard BioTools Inc.
24 Nov 2025

This technical note outlines why the high dynamic range of IMC technology is critical for protein quantification and enables the assessment of expression level without saturation of signals. It also outlines the significance of detecting low-level marker expression (highlighting PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4); how IMC technology allows for clear analysis of low-abundance markers, and examples of PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 marker expression analysis using IMC systems.

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Flow Cytometry / Cell CountingFlow cytometers are used to count, sort and examine multiple characteristics of cells. Other cell analysis equipment includes image cytometers, cell counters, fluorescence-activated cell sorters (FACS), magnetic-activated cell sorters (MACS), and a range of flow cytometry assay kits. Flow cytometers can reveal information on cell viability, cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle progression, as well as identify cell populations and intracellular or cell-surface molecules. Additionally, some flow cytometers, known as FACS, have an additional sorting function after analysis. Cell counters and image cytometers count live and dead cell populations and can also conduct cell proliferation assays. Find the best flow cytometers, cell counters and cell sorters in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.BiomarkersBiomarkers are biological markers which can be measured and evaluated to indicate a biological state. The use of biomarkers in research and diagnosis can indicate a normal or disease state or drug response of cells / tissues. Biomarkers include genetic markers, cell surface markers such as antigens, antibodies or receptors and secreted molecules such as cytokines. An assay system is required for identification of biomarkers. :

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How IMC tech detects low-abundance biomarkers