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Detection of Cocaine and Major Metabolites in Rodent Bone Following Outdoor Decomposition after Chronic Cocaine Administration

29 Nov 2017

Several challenges exist with quantification analysis of cocaine in post mortem samples in the field of forensic toxicology. Rapid half-life due to hydrolysis within hours of death is just one of these. While difficult to quantify in blood, urine and soft tissues, alternative matrices such as hair and bone can be useful in detecting chronic drug use in post-mortem toxicology cases. A robust extraction and cleanup method is required to efficiently extract drugs from complex matrices like bone, reach a target limit of detection and maintain instrument performance. The use of UPLC-MS/MS has allowed analysts to detect trace levels of analytes by following this method.

ACQUITY UPLC System

Waters

Waters ACQUITY UPLC - Dramatic Improvements in Speed, Sensitivity and Resolution Whether you work in methods development or quality assurance, in drug discovery and development or testing for safety in food supplies, you seek a productivity edge. With the ACQUITY UPLC® System, now you can get more information in a single, short run than you've ever seen with HPLC. Waters ACQUITY UPLC System UltraPerformance LC® (UPLC®) technology starts with unique 1.7 μm small-particle chemistries. Chromatographers no longer need to choose between speed and resolution–with UPLC you get both. Instrument Designed for Chemistry; Chemistry Designed for the Instrument The ACQUITY UPLC System has been holistically designed to match the performance needs of our innovative column chemistries with robust hardware, easy-to-use software and specialized support services. Small, pressure-tolerant particles High-pressure fluidic modules Minimized system volume Negligible carryover Reduced cycle times Fast response detectors Integrated system software and diagnostics With UPLC you have the ability to work more efficiently with higher speed, sensitivity and resolution at a much wider range of linear velocities, flow rates and backpressures to obtain superior results. The Waters ACQUITY UPLC System's high-pressure fluidics optimizes flow rates to make the most of small particle technology. The ACQUITY UPLC System's sample-handling design is designed to ensure exceptionally low carryover and reduced cycle time. And when interfaced with the Sample Organizer, it increases unattended sample capacity by ten times. High-speed detectors, both optical and mass, contribute to increased sensitivity and help manage the heightened speed and resolution requirements of UPLC. ACQUITY UPLC Systems are easily controlled, diagnosed, and monitored via a graphical system console interface. The console offers: Quick and easy access to critical instrument parameters Simple system start-up, elegant system status monitoring and predictive performance indicators to ensure maximum productivity Data management capabilities that are supported by both MassLynx™ and Empower™ software The ACQUITY UPLC System is also supported by Intelligent Device Management technology with our Connections® INSIGHT™ service, providing instrument diagnostics.

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MassLynx MS Software

Waters

Acquire, Analyze, Manage, and Share Mass Spectrometry Information MassLynx™ Software increases the speed at which you can convert your sample data into valuable knowledge. It provides you with the fundamental platform to acquire, analyze, manage, and share your mass spectrometry information. MassLynx intelligently controls any Waters mass spectrometry system, from sample and solvent management components to mass spectrometer and auxiliary detectors. MassLynx Software may acquire nominal mass, exact mass, MS/MS and exact mass MS/MS data. MassLynx’s Sample List is the core of the system. It maintains and consolidates the data on all of your samples. You also initiate any activities related to your sample from the Sample List. This "sample centric" approach simplifies the interaction with your LC/MS or GC/MS system, acquired data and processed results. Process Application-specific Data MassLynx Software features general purpose and specialized Application Managers that provide information for your specific MS analyses and data. Two come standard with MassLynx: QuanLynx™ for automated quantification included as standard with MassLynx OpenLynx™ for qualitative screening and identification Optional Application Managers can perform: Targeted quantitative analysis Mass-directed purification Metabolite identification Deconvolution of complex chromatograms Metabonomics & metabolomics Protein identification and protein characterization

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UHPLC and HPLCHigh performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), also known as UPLC, are analytical techniques used to separate, identify and quantitate components of complex mixtures including biological samples such as proteins and lipids as well as chemical mixtures of pesticides, drugs and oils. Both techniques are liquid chromatographic methods but differ by operating pressures (HPLC < 6000 psi < UHPLC ). Components of HPLC and UHPLC systems include columns, detectors, pumps, autosamplers and column heaters. Explore a range of UHPLC and HPLC columns for your specific sample needs including reverse phase, normal phase, ion exchange, HILIC, ion exclusion and size exclusion columns. For more specialized HPLC, explore FPLC, countercurrent LC and simulated moving bed systems. Find the best UHPLC and HPLC equipment in our peer reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.LC-MSLC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) systems and equipment are used for separation and quantitative analysis of complex mixtures, combining liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Quantify proteins, contaminants, pesticides or screen for drug metabolites with a high level of sensitivity. LC-MS systems and equipment include reverse phase, normal phase and specialized columns integrated with various MS detectors such as time-of-flight (TOF), quadrupole, orbitrap or ion trap mass analyzers. LC-MS/MS instruments equipped with a qTOF or triple quadrupole analyzer give greater sensitivity and resolving power to your analysis. Find the best LC-MS equipment in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Mass SpectrometryMass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful analytical technique used to identify and quantify molecules based on the mass-to-charge ratio of gas-phase ions. It provides detailed information about the structure, composition, and properties of compounds and is widely used across fields such as environmental monitoring, materials science, drug discovery and development, food and beverage testing, and wider chemical research. Key MS techniques include tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LS-MS) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS). Choosing from these wide range of techniques and technologies can be a daunting task, so keep up to date with scientific applications, performance expectations, and customer reviews here all in one place. Visit our product directory to receive quotes direct from the manufacturer. Solid-Phase ExtractionSolid-phase extraction (SPE) is used for clean-up, extraction and concentration of semi-volatile or non-volatile analytes from complex mixtures including blood, urine and food samples. Multiple formats are available for conducting SPE, including prepacked SPE cartridges, disks and microplates, as well as SPE sorbent powders for manual packing. SPE systems can be used to automate the process and extract multiple samples at once. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and supported liquid extraction (SLE) products are also available in the same formats. Find the best SPE, SLE and SPME equipment in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Toxicology / Drugs of Abuse TestingToxicology and Drugs of Abuse Testing is the investigation into toxic and illegal substances found at the scene of a crime or from a suspect and / or victim associated with a scene of a crime. Analyzers, immunoassays and drugs of abuse test kits and presumptive test kits are an essential aspect of toxicology investigation.MetabolitesMetabolites are the intermediate and end products of metabolism. Analyzing metabolites offers insight into cellular processes and disease mechanisms and is critical in fields like pharmacology, toxicology, and diagnostics. Explore our peer-reviewed product directory to find the best tools for metabolite analysis, compare products, check reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.ChromatographyChromatography is a powerful technique used to separate and analyze components of mixtures based on their chemical properties. It is widely used in fields like biochemistry, pharmaceuticals, and environmental analysis. By exploiting differences in the interaction of substances with a stationary phase and a mobile phase, chromatography enables precise purification and quantification of compounds. Whether you're working with complex biological samples or industrial chemicals, chromatography is essential for obtaining high-quality results. Browse our peer-reviewed product directory to find the best chromatography systems, compare products, read customer reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.2D ChromatographySolid Phase Extraction (SPE)Solid phase extraction (SPE) is a sample preparation technique used to separate and concentrate analytes from complex mixtures. It is widely used in environmental, pharmaceutical, and clinical analysis. SPE provides higher sensitivity and selectivity compared to traditional liquid-liquid extraction methods, making it essential for accurate and reproducible results. Explore SPE tools and systems in our peer-reviewed product directory; compare products, check reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.Cocaine