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Utilization of Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains as a Biomarker of B Cell Dysregulation in HIV Patients: Quantitation Using a New Rapid Test (Seralite®)

Abingdon Health
10 Mar 2014

HIV-infected individuals have B cell dysregulation which contributes to immunodeficiency and risk of AIDS progression and B cell Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma. B cell dysregulation is characterized by an increased production of intact immunoglobulins (e.g. IgA, IgM, IgG) and free light chains (FLC). FLCs are regarded as a more sensitive marker of B cell activation status. This poster describes a study to assess the clinical utility of measuring FLC levels in HIV-infected individuals using a new and cost-effective rapid lateral-flow test that quantitates serum FLC in 10 minutes.

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Seralite

Abingdon Health

Seralite® is a rapid diagnostic device for the quantitative measurement of kappa (K) and lambda (λ) immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs) in serum. The assay utilises highly specific, anti-K and anti-λ monoclonal antibodies which are conjugated to gold particles and incorporated into a simple to use lateral flow device. Utilising a portable reader the results are presented on screen in mg/L along with the calculated K/λ ratio. Seralite® provides an accurate picture of disease status in 10 minutes. With this simple to use, portable, rapid test, clinicians are able to monitor patients in “real time” supporting faster decision making. The measurement of FLCs for diagnosis and monitoring of myeloma and related disorders has been widely published. As a result of these many years of research, UK, European and International guidelines recommend the measurement of serum FLCs. As FLCs have a short half-life of a few hours, changes to tumour load and the response to chemotherapy can be observed more rapidly by measuring FLCs. This rapid test provides the clinician with an accurate picture of disease status within minutes rather than days, supporting faster decision making. FLCs are also recommended as prognostic indicators in Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS). In MGUS the FLC ratio is helpful in identifying individuals who are at an increased risk of progression to Multiple Myeloma and related disorders. Using Seralite in a clinic setting can allow improved management of patients with MGUS.

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HematologyIn Haematology / Hematology, complete blood cell counts (or full blood counts) are obtained using automated blood count analyzers to enumerate blood cell types.  Hematology also encompasses haemostasis and coagulation, thrombophilia and hemophilia, plasma viscosity and ESR analysis, hemoglobinopathies, cell morphology and haematinic measurement.ImmunologyImmunological techniques measure and characterize immune responses. Immunology kits and analysis systems often use techniques such as ELISA, radioimmunoassay (RIA) and immunodiffusion assays, Immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. Immunologists use equipment such as flow Cytometers, plate readers, plate washers and fluorescent microscopes.Cell-Based AssaysCell-based assays are used to monitor the presence, quantity and activities of a desired cellular analyte including drug molecules or biomarkers. This can reveal information on cell health (apoptosis, cytotoxicity, viability and proliferation assays), cell metabolism, cell migration and cell signaling mechanisms. Find the best cell-based assay products, kits and equipment with our peer reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receiving pricing direct from manufacturers.Point-of-CarePoint-of-Care Testing (POCT) or Near Patient Testing (NPT) products are available for urine, blood and other clinical chemistry analyses. POCT includes: blood glucose testing, blood gas and electrolytes analysis, rapid coagulation testing (PT / INR), rapid cardiac markers diagnostics, drugs of abuse screening, urine strips testing, pregnancy testing, fecal occult blood analysis, food pathogens screening, hemoglobin diagnostics, infectious disease testing and cholesterol screening.BiomarkersBiomarkers are biological markers which can be measured and evaluated to indicate a biological state. The use of biomarkers in research and diagnosis can indicate a normal or disease state or drug response of cells / tissues. Biomarkers include genetic markers, cell surface markers such as antigens, antibodies or receptors and secreted molecules such as cytokines. An assay system is required for identification of biomarkers. :Clinical ChemistryBiochemistry (or clinical chemistry) involves the analysis of bodily fluids using chemical tests. Techniques used include HPLC, chromatography, spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, immunochemical, electrophoresis, turbidometric / spectrophotometric assay, MRI and ISE analysis. Tests are often carried out on plasma or serum but urine (urinalysis) and fecal specimens are also processed.HIV and AIDSBlood tests are the most common way to identify and monitor HIV and AIDS. Current methods include ELISA, Western blot, RT-PCR viral load and CD4/8 testing. Areas for development include point-of-care assays for use in developing countries, and self-testing ‘at home’ HIV kits.

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