ResourceSpectroscopy

Sulfur Analysis in Crude Oil and High-Sulfur Fuels by WDXRF According to ASTM D2622-10

7 Dec 2012

Sulfur compounds in petroleum cause various harmful influences such as air pollution, metal corrosion and catalyst degradation. Therefore, sulfur concentration of crude oil and high-sulfur fuels is monitored or controlled in refinery and production processes in the petroleum industry. This application note demonstrates quantitative analysis of high concentration sulfur in crude oil, high-sulfur diesel fuel and residual fuel oil according to ASTM D2622-10 on Rigaku ZSX Primus, a wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometer.

ZSX Primus

Rigaku Corporation

Rigaku ZSX Primus delivers rapid quantitative determination of major and minor atomic elements, from beryllium (Be) through uranium (U), in a wide variety of sample types — with minimal standards. The latest instrument in Rigaku's ZSX series, the ZSX Primus continues the tradition of delivering accurate results in a timely and seamless manner, with unsurpassed reliability, flexibility, and ease of use to meet any challenges in today's laboratory.Providing superior performance with the flexibility for analyzing the most complex samples, the ZSX Primus features a 30 micron tube, the thinnest end-window tube available in the industry, for exceptional light element (low-Z) detection limits.EZ-scan allows users to analyze unknown samples without any prior setup. This time saving feature requires only a few clicks of the mouse and a sample name to be entered. Combined with SQX fundamental parameters software, it provides the most accurate and rapid XRF results possible. SQX is capable of automatically correcting for all matrix effects, including line overlaps.ZSX Primus Features: Analysis of elements from Be to U Small footprint uses less valuable lab space Micro analysis to analyze samples as small as 500 μm Tube-below design is optimized for liquids and loose powders 30μ tube delivers superior light element performance Mapping feature for elemental topography/distribution Helium seal means the optics are always under vacuum

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ZSX Primus II

Rigaku Corporation

Rigaku ZSX Primus II delivers rapid quantitative determination of major and minor atomic elements, from beryllium (Be) through uranium (U), in a wide variety of sample types — with minimal standards. ZSX Primus II features an innovative optics-above configuration. Never again worry about a contaminated beam path or down time due to sample chamber maintenance. The optics-above geometry eliminates cleaning worries and increases up time.Providing superior performance with the flexibility for analyzing the most complex samples, the ZSX Primus II features a 30 micron tube, the thinnest end-window tube available in the industry, for exceptional light element (low-Z) detection limits. Combined with the most advanced mapping package to detect homogeneity and inclusions, the ZSX Primus II allows easy detailed investigation of samples that provide analytical insights not easily obtained by other analytical methodologies. Available multi-spot analysis also helps to eliminate sampling errors in inhomogeneous materials.EZ-scan allows users to analyze unknown samples without any prior setup. This time saving feature requires only a few clicks of the mouse and a sample name to be entered.ZSX Primus II Features Analysis of elements from Be to U Tube above optics minimizes contamination issues Small footprint uses less valuable lab space Micro analysis to analyze samples as small as 500 µm 30μ tube delivers superior light element performance Mapping feature for elemental topography/distribution Helium seal means the optics are always under vacuum

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Fluorescence SpectroscopyFluorometers and spectrofluorometers (also called fluorescence spectrometers) are used to measure the intensity and wavelength of fluorescent light emitted from a sample after excitation by illumination. Spectrofluorometers utilize monochromators to select the desired wavelengths, whereas filter fluorometers employ a set of filters. Spectrofluorometers for measuring steady-state fluorescence and lifetime fluorescence (or time-resolved fluorescence) are available, as well as fluorescence microscopes and microplate readers. Find the best fluorescence spectroscopy products in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Mass SpectrometryMass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful analytical technique used to identify and quantify molecules based on the mass-to-charge ratio of gas-phase ions. It provides detailed information about the structure, composition, and properties of compounds and is widely used across fields such as environmental monitoring, materials science, drug discovery and development, food and beverage testing, and wider chemical research. Key MS techniques include tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LS-MS) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS). Choosing from these wide range of techniques and technologies can be a daunting task, so keep up to date with scientific applications, performance expectations, and customer reviews here all in one place. Visit our product directory to receive quotes direct from the manufacturer. X-Ray Diffraction and SpectroscopyX-Ray diffraction & spectroscopy are used in material characterization to discern the structure and elemental composition of a sample. X-Ray diffractometers (XRD) are superior instruments in elucidating the dimensional atomic structure of crystalline materials, including powders, thin films and single crystals. For large unit cells or ordered macromolecules, consider small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). X-ray spectroscopic techniques include X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), both providing simple and accurate methods for determining the elemental composition of a material. Energy dispersive (EDXRF) and wavelength dispersive (WDXRF) XRF spectrometers are available, as well as handheld/portable devices. High-resolution, 3D microstructure characterization of materials can be achieved with X-ray microscopes combining sub-micron resolution imaging with 3D computed tomography. Find the best XRD and XRF spectrometers in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Astm MethodsCrude OilThe chemical evaluation of the complex combination of hydrocarbons and organometallic compounds found within crude oil. The results provide data on the chemical characteristics of a sample for petroleum testing laboratories.SulfurAir QualityFuel and Energy