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Optimize your IHC and IF for experimental success

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A practical guide on how to increase specificity, avoid species on species setbacks and enhance your labeling technique

1 Jun 2020

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a powerful technique used to detect and visualize proteins of interest within a cell or tissue using the specificity of the antigen-antibody reaction in combination with reporter molecules. Flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and western blotting are other widely used assay methods that are based upon the principle of antibody-antigen binding.

This application eBook presents a practical guide on how to increase specificity and enhance your labeling technique to achieve optimum lab success, including expert insight and guidance on:

  • Control and blocking reagents
  • Effective solutions to tackle species on species labeling
  • The importance of understanding cross-reactivity and cross-adsorbed secondary antibodies

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Streptavidin and Conjugates

Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories Inc.

Using biotinylated secondary antibodies along with conjugated streptavidin is a robust means of signal amplification. Conjugates of streptavidin are recommended for use with Biotin-SP-conjugated affinity-purified secondary antibodies and Biotin-SP-conjugated ChromPure proteins. We offer a comprehensive list of fluorophores and enzymes conjugated to streptavidin for use in enzyme immunoassays, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, in situ hybridization, and immunoblotting procedures.

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AntibodiesAntibodies are used in techniques such as confocal and fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, ELISA, ELISPOT, immunohistochemistry, western blotting and immunopreciptation. Select specific antigen reactivity, high specific affinity, low non-specific binding, monoclonal or polyclonal, primary or secondary antibodies and associated conjugates such as an enzyme or dye for visualization.Western BlottingWestern blotting equipment is used to transfer and identify specific proteins within a sample, reveal protein modifications, as well as give a semi-quantitative estimation of their concentration. Western blotting equipment includes all apparatus necessary to transfer proteins from gel to membrane and subsequent processing steps. Protein transfer can be performed by electroblotting with wet, semi-dry and dry transfer systems onto nitrocellulose and PVDF membranes. Blocking, washing and labeling of membranes follows, involving buffers, blocking reagents, blotting / incubation trays, labeling reagents, immunoblotting assays, antibodies and conjugates. Automated equipment for these steps is available to accelerate your lab workflow. Finally, detection and imaging of proteins can be conducted using gel documentation and imaging systems. Find the best western blotting equipment in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.ELISAEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), also known as enzyme immunoassays (EIA), are used for the detection and quantification of proteins, peptides and antibodies in a sample. ELISA often comes in kit format, with pre-selected antibody pairs to detect specific proteins or biomarkers of diseases such as diabetes and obesity, or cardiovascular and neurological disorders. Detection is made possible with chemiluminescent, fluorescent or colorimetric substrates and detection instruments such as microplate / ELISA readers. Other kits available include: Enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays for the quantification of protein-producing cells and chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIA) kits. Find the best ELISA kits and products in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Flow Cytometry / Cell CountingFlow cytometers are used to count, sort and examine multiple characteristics of cells. Other cell analysis equipment includes image cytometers, cell counters, fluorescence-activated cell sorters (FACS), magnetic-activated cell sorters (MACS), and a range of flow cytometry assay kits. Flow cytometers can reveal information on cell viability, cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle progression, as well as identify cell populations and intracellular or cell-surface molecules. Additionally, some flow cytometers, known as FACS, have an additional sorting function after analysis. Cell counters and image cytometers count live and dead cell populations and can also conduct cell proliferation assays. Find the best flow cytometers, cell counters and cell sorters in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.ImmunohistochemistryImmunohistochemistry (IHC) is a technique used to detect specific proteins in tissue samples by using antibodies that bind to target antigens. IHC is widely applied in pathology, immunology, hematology and cancer diagnostics. Explore IHC tools in our peer-reviewed product directory; compare products, check reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.LabelingAntibodiesELISA

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Optimize your IHC and IF for experimental success