ResourceEnvironmental
Kinetic Luminescent Bacteria Test for Measuring the Toxicity of Solid and Colored Samples with Vibrio fischeri
Kinetic Luminescent Bacteria Test for Measuring the Toxicity of Solid and Colored Samples with Vibrio fischeri
12 Nov 2015Measuring the toxicity of solid samples and colored water samples has been time consuming, difficult and somewhat unreliable. The intense dark color of the water samples and sedimentation of bacteria, turbidity and color of the solid samples causes problems. This application note demonstrates the Flash Method, designed to overcome these apparent problems.
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Atomic Absorption / Emission SpectroscopyAtomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) — also called optical emission spectroscopy (OES) — are used to detect the elemental constituents in samples. Both techniques involve the atomization of a sample. Atomic absorption spectrometers may use a flame or furnace to create an atomic vapor of the sample before irradiation with spectral light. Optical emission spectrometers may use a flame, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), microwave plasma (MP) or spark arcs to atomize and excite the sample. At higher excitation energies, electrons can be emitted instead of photons, which can be useful for samples that can’t be atomized and for surface analysis. Explore electron spectroscopy equipment such as Auger spectrometers and photoelectron spectrometers for surface elemental analysis of samples. Find the best atomic absorption, photoelectron and optical emission spectrometers in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Environmental Monitoring and TestingEnvironmental monitoring and testing uses handheld portable analyzers, kits, spectrometers or chromatography systems for air, water, soil, food and other sample testing. Useful features of analyzers such as BOD and COD include portability, easy calibration, automation and sensitivity. Environmental test kits for pH, water, moisture, etc, should be accurate, sensitive, reliable, fast and easy to use.Particle CharacterizationParticle characterization instruments are used to determine particle size distribution, shape, surface area, zeta potential, density and porosity of particles and materials. Multiple tecchniques are available for determining particle size, shape and count including dynamic light scattering (DLS), laser diffraction, electrozone (Coulter technique), imaging particle analysis and single particle optical sensing. Determine the density of your material with a gas pycnometer or examine its surface area and porosity with gas adsorption analyzers and mercury porosimeters. Find the best particle characterization instruments in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Waste WaterMicrobial DetectionMicrobial detection is crucial for identifying and quantifying bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms. This process is essential for food safety, environmental monitoring, clinical diagnostics, and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Explore the best microbial detection tools in our peer-reviewed product directory; compare products, check reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.Water AnalysisAnalytical methods used to test the purity of drinking water include determining the level of contaminants abides to the level set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).ToxicityToxicity is defined as the degree to which a substance can harm humans or animals. It is essential to study the toxicity of pharmaceutical products during the development process so that optimum dosage can be established for the administration of the drug.Bacterial DetectionBacterial detection uses methods such as cell culture, microscopy, and biochemical assays to identify harmful or beneficial bacteria based on their morphological and metabolic charactersistics. These techniques support disease diagnostics, food safety, and microbial research. Explore bacterial detection systems, kits, and consumables in our directory to compare products and read reviews.