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In situ SEM and Raman investigations on graphene

ZEISS Research Microscopy Solutions

Comparison of graphene, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide

12 Apr 2023

In this application note, ZEISS discusses how graphene can be modified by functionalization and oxidization to gain properties like solubility in water, which is helpful for processing in devices. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigations are required to evaluate the controlled modification of graphene. Zeiss SEMs deliver high-resolution images and suitable contrasting methods that enable quick and easy differentiation between one-layer, two-layer, and multi-layer graphene, as well as different graphene types, especially when using the Inlens energy selective backscattered (EsB) detector. In situ SEM Raman technique can detect the different graphene states, and the integrated system offers the combination of high-resolution SEM imaging with the chemical analysis provided by Raman spectroscopy.

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Raman SpectroscopyRaman spectroscopy is used to discern the vibrational and rotational states of molecules and hence the chemical composition of a sample by measuring the inelastic scattering of monochromatic light. Explore a range of Raman spectrometers, including handheld/portable Raman spectrometers for QC/QA labs and in situ spectrometers for processes. Conduct Raman imaging for microanalysis of mixed samples using a Raman microscope. Raman spectrographs are also available. Find the best Raman spectroscopy products in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Light MicroscopyLight microscopes or optical microscopes are used to visualize microscale objects under magnification, including cells, clinical specimens and materials. Lab equipment for light microscopy includes confocal microscopes, fluorescence microscopes, zoom and stereo microscopes. Microscope slides and imaging reagents are available for visualizing samples, as well as various microscope stages and incubators for large or temperature-sensitive samples. Find the best light microscopes in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Electron MicroscopyElectron microscopes (EM) are used to create high-resolution images of samples at the nanoscale by means of an accelerated beam of electrons as a source of illumination. Types of electron microscope include scanning electron microscopes (SEM), transmission electron microscopes (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEM) and cryo-electron microscopes. Focused ion beam (FIB) microscopes are useful for modifying or milling a sample surface with nanometer precision, as well as imaging. Find the best electron microscopes in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.MicroscopyMicroscopy is a technique used to observe small objects in detail, from cells to materials, using light or electron microscopes. It enables researchers to examine structures with high resolution, aiding in fields such as biology, medicine, and materials science. With advanced microscopy techniques, scientists can gain insights into cellular processes, tissue structures, and material properties. Explore the best microscopy solutions in our peer-reviewed product directory, compare products, read customer reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.GrapheneGraphene is a two-dimensional structure that comprises of a hexagonal honeycomb lattice of carbon atoms. Graphene can conduct electricity and heat, is almost transparent and is 100x stronger than steel by weight.electron microscopy

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In situ SEM and Raman investigations on graphene