ResourceSpectroscopy
How to fix a friendship gone sour: Russia, organic chlorides, and improved method precision
25 Mar 2020Russia’s Druzhba Pipeline contamination case is a globally relatable example of the ill effects of organic chlorides in crude oil. This application note shows that though other methods are available, ASTM D4929C, GOST 33342, and similar XRF methods allow refineries to obtain organic chloride concentrations in crude oil with increased precision and efficiency.
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X-Ray Diffraction and SpectroscopyX-Ray diffraction & spectroscopy are used in material characterization to discern the structure and elemental composition of a sample. X-Ray diffractometers (XRD) are superior instruments in elucidating the dimensional atomic structure of crystalline materials, including powders, thin films and single crystals. For large unit cells or ordered macromolecules, consider small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). X-ray spectroscopic techniques include X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), both providing simple and accurate methods for determining the elemental composition of a material. Energy dispersive (EDXRF) and wavelength dispersive (WDXRF) XRF spectrometers are available, as well as handheld/portable devices. High-resolution, 3D microstructure characterization of materials can be achieved with X-ray microscopes combining sub-micron resolution imaging with 3D computed tomography. Find the best XRD and XRF spectrometers in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Crude OilThe chemical evaluation of the complex combination of hydrocarbons and organometallic compounds found within crude oil. The results provide data on the chemical characteristics of a sample for petroleum testing laboratories.X-Ray FluorescenceX-ray fluorescence (XRF) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of materials. It is widely used in geology, materials science, and environmental testing for detecting heavy metals and other elements. Browse our peer-reviewed product directory to find the best XRF systems, compare products, check reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.Organic CompoundsOrganic compounds are carbon-based molecules that form the building blocks of life. These include hydrocarbons, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Understanding organic compounds is crucial in chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology. Explore organic compound analysis tools in our peer-reviewed product directory; compare products, check reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.