Gene Expression Analysis: A Review

19 Nov 2012

This whitepaper from Plexpress provides a comprehensive review of the major methods available for gene expression analysis including microarrays, RNA sequencing, qPCR and transcript analysis and affinity capture (TRAC). The technical, time and cost implications of each method are compared. The applications of the TRAC platform in ADME-Tox, yeast culture optimization and cancer, metabolic diseases and biomarker research are described. Choice of gene expression analysis technologies are dependent on specific study needs and, with the many genome-wide and targeted options available, deciding on the best approach can be challenging. The whitepaper aims to simplify the reader’s choice of gene expression analysis by providing detailed information on each method’s applications, strengths and weaknesses.

OneTRAC™ combined service

Plexpress

OneTRAC™ allows you to profile every gene, validate biomarker signatures, and apply your findings across all your studies. One-stop service for all your gene expression profiling needs All-inclusive gene expression data for pattern recognition and pathway analyses at the macro- and micro-levels Streamlined and integrated methodology from screening to validation of gene signatures Cost-efficient expression profiling for genome-wide and focused-gene analyses

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UHPLC and HPLCHigh performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), also known as UPLC, are analytical techniques used to separate, identify and quantitate components of complex mixtures including biological samples such as proteins and lipids as well as chemical mixtures of pesticides, drugs and oils. Both techniques are liquid chromatographic methods but differ by operating pressures (HPLC < 6000 psi < UHPLC ). Components of HPLC and UHPLC systems include columns, detectors, pumps, autosamplers and column heaters. Explore a range of UHPLC and HPLC columns for your specific sample needs including reverse phase, normal phase, ion exchange, HILIC, ion exclusion and size exclusion columns. For more specialized HPLC, explore FPLC, countercurrent LC and simulated moving bed systems. Find the best UHPLC and HPLC equipment in our peer reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.BiosensorsBiosensors are devices used to detect an analyte using biological molecules specific to the analyte coupled to a detector. Biosensor instruments may be photometric, typically using surface plasma resonance (SPR), electrochemical or QCM (quartz crystal microbalance) biosensors. Biosensors should be selective, portable, robust and sensitive and have a fast response time. Systems may be manual or automated and usually have associated software.Genome AnalysisGenomics, the study of genomes, includes functional genomics, evolutionary genomics and comparative genomics. There are many genomic technologies such as DNA sequencing of whole genomes, computational biology and bioinformatics. DNA and nucleic acids must be isolated and concentrated from cells for analysis with kits, automated analyzers and software. Other useful technologies for studying genomics include PCR, microarrays and electrophoresis.PCR and Thermal CyclingPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) kits and thermal cyclers are used for the in vitro amplification of DNA permitting subsequent analysis and experimental procedures. Explore a range of high-quality polymerase, primers and nucleotides or simplify your workflow with a PCR mastermix. Find reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and cDNA synthesis kits for RNA products and libraries. Quantitatively measure the amplification of DNA with real-time PCR (qPCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) kits and systems, and discover automated PCR setup solutions to increase throughput. Alternative DNA amplification methods also include recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) kits. Find the best PCR kits and thermal cyclers and purification equipment in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.ADME-ToxicologyADME-toxicology (ADME-Tox) studies are used in pharmacology and pharmacokinetics to assess the activity/toxicity of drugs <i>in vivo</i> or <i>in vitro</i>. Find bioassays for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drug molecules including cytotoxicity, transporter/permeability, metabolism and activity assays as well as hepatocytes and cell lines for ADME. Find the best ADME-toxicology products in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Flow Cytometry / Cell CountingFlow cytometers are used to count, sort and examine multiple characteristics of cells. Other cell analysis equipment includes image cytometers, cell counters, fluorescence-activated cell sorters (FACS), magnetic-activated cell sorters (MACS), and a range of flow cytometry assay kits. Flow cytometers can reveal information on cell viability, cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle progression, as well as identify cell populations and intracellular or cell-surface molecules. Additionally, some flow cytometers, known as FACS, have an additional sorting function after analysis. Cell counters and image cytometers count live and dead cell populations and can also conduct cell proliferation assays. Find the best flow cytometers, cell counters and cell sorters in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Cell-Based AssaysCell-based assays are used to monitor the presence, quantity and activities of a desired cellular analyte including drug molecules or biomarkers. 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Find the best DNA sequencing products, including DNA sequencing kits, genomic libraries and genetic identity kits in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Gene Expression and Molecular CloningMolecular cloning is a set of techniques that utilizes vectors to transfer recombinant DNA into host cells and is an essential tool for investigating the expression of genes and proteins in bacterial or mammalian cells. A variety of vectors optimized for gene cloning and expression in a range of host organisms are available, alongside competent cells for genetic replication. Here, you can explore a range of molecular tools, high-quality genomic and cDNA libraries, premade clones, transformation and transfection reagents and mutagenesis or gene expression detection assays and expression arrays. Find the best gene expression and molecular cloning products in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.BiomarkersBiomarkers are biological markers which can be measured and evaluated to indicate a biological state. The use of biomarkers in research and diagnosis can indicate a normal or disease state or drug response of cells / tissues. Biomarkers include genetic markers, cell surface markers such as antigens, antibodies or receptors and secreted molecules such as cytokines. An assay system is required for identification of biomarkers. :MicroarrayRNA-SeqRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is a next-generation sequencing technique used to analyze the transcriptome, providing insights into gene expression and regulation. This method is essential for genomics, disease research, and personalized medicine. Explore RNA-seq tools in our peer-reviewed product directory; compare products, check reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.qPCRQuantitative PCR (qPCR) is a molecular biology technique used to amplify and measure the amount of a specific DNA or RNA target. It plays a crucial role in gene expression analysis, pathogen detection, and quantifying DNA or RNA in various applications. Real-time PCR provides precise, quantitative results and is widely used in research, diagnostics, and clinical studies. Browse our peer-reviewed product directory to find the best qPCR solutions; compare products, check reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.RT qPCRReal-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a technique used to measure gene expression and quantify DNA or RNA in real-time. It is essential in genomics, diagnostics, and biotechnology research. Explore RT-qPCR systems in our peer-reviewed product directory; compare products, check reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.Cytochrome P450 Assays