ResourceSpectroscopy

Fast and Straightforward Macromolecular Crystal Optimization with dragonfly crystal

30 Jan 2019

X-ray crystallography is the most successful method employed to gain an understanding of macromolecule structures at the atomic level. Obtaining the required crystals from a purified sample of a protein, nucleic acid or any macromolecular complex poses significant challenges since tedious experimental set-ups with poor success rates are involved. First, an initial crystallisation screen is carried out on the purified sample with a broad range of commercially available conditions. Then, in-house custom optimisation screens are prepared in order to reproduce and optimise any initial leads. With optimised crystals, it is later possible to acquire quality X-ray diffraction data and hence solve high resolution structures.

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X-ray CrystallographyX-ray crystallography is an analytical technique used to determine the arrangement of atoms in a crystal. Monochromatic x-rays are produced from a synchrotron or x-ray generator. An x-ray crystallography system uses a detector to measure the x-ray diffraction from the crystal. The information is used to generate a 3D image of the crystal.Protein CrystallographyProtein crystallization is the process of crystallizing purified proteins for 3D structure analysis by x-ray crystallography. The main methods of protein crystallization include sitting drop, hanging drop and microbatch. It is important to control parameters such as pH, temperature and concentration. Following crystallization, detectors and software are used for data collection and analysis.X-Ray Diffraction and SpectroscopyX-Ray diffraction & spectroscopy are used in material characterization to discern the structure and elemental composition of a sample. X-Ray diffractometers (XRD) are superior instruments in elucidating the dimensional atomic structure of crystalline materials, including powders, thin films and single crystals. For large unit cells or ordered macromolecules, consider small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). X-ray spectroscopic techniques include X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), both providing simple and accurate methods for determining the elemental composition of a material. Energy dispersive (EDXRF) and wavelength dispersive (WDXRF) XRF spectrometers are available, as well as handheld/portable devices. High-resolution, 3D microstructure characterization of materials can be achieved with X-ray microscopes combining sub-micron resolution imaging with 3D computed tomography. Find the best XRD and XRF spectrometers in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Process OptimizationProcess optimization involves improving the efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and quality of processes in various industries, including manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology. Explore process optimization solutions in our peer-reviewed product directory; compare products, check reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.Crystallography