ResourceSeparations
Determination of Microcystins in Water Using Automated Solid Phase Extraction and Concentration Techniques
27 Jun 2016Microcystin-LR is a toxin produced by cyanobacteria, recognized as the most acute hazardous pollution currently known. The microcystin-LR maximum contaminant level (MCL) in drinking water recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) is 1.0 ug/L. In this application note Horizon Technology demonstrates how to extract microcystin from liquid samples using the Technology SPE-DEX® 4790 automated extractor system and the DryVap® concentrator system.
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Sample PreparationSample preparation can improve the quality and speed of separation techniques. Products to assist sample preparation include filtration equipment, evaporators, membranes and sieves.Environmental Monitoring and TestingEnvironmental monitoring and testing uses handheld portable analyzers, kits, spectrometers or chromatography systems for air, water, soil, food and other sample testing. Useful features of analyzers such as BOD and COD include portability, easy calibration, automation and sensitivity. Environmental test kits for pH, water, moisture, etc, should be accurate, sensitive, reliable, fast and easy to use.Solid-Phase ExtractionSolid-phase extraction (SPE) is used for clean-up, extraction and concentration of semi-volatile or non-volatile analytes from complex mixtures including blood, urine and food samples. Multiple formats are available for conducting SPE, including prepacked SPE cartridges, disks and microplates, as well as SPE sorbent powders for manual packing. SPE systems can be used to automate the process and extract multiple samples at once. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and supported liquid extraction (SLE) products are also available in the same formats. Find the best SPE, SLE and SPME equipment in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Water PurificationThere are a number of water purification methods available to remove contamination from laboratory water. These systems include demineralization, reverse osmosis, filtration and ultrafiltration. A combination of methods is sometimes necessary to achieve purified water suitable for use in experiments.AlgaeBacteriaBacteria are microorganisms that play critical roles in the environment, human health, and biotechnology. Understanding bacterial genetics, growth, and metabolism is essential for developing antibiotics, vaccines, and improving industrial processes. Browse our peer-reviewed product directory to find the best bacterial research tools, compare products, check reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.Water AnalysisAnalytical methods used to test the purity of drinking water include determining the level of contaminants abides to the level set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).Environmental ContaminationContaminants in the environment are harmful chemicals that are present in the air, land and water. These include pesticides, pharmaceuticals, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and many more.Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)Solid phase extraction (SPE) is a sample preparation technique used to separate and concentrate analytes from complex mixtures. It is widely used in environmental, pharmaceutical, and clinical analysis. SPE provides higher sensitivity and selectivity compared to traditional liquid-liquid extraction methods, making it essential for accurate and reproducible results. Explore SPE tools and systems in our peer-reviewed product directory; compare products, check reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.ToxicityToxicity is defined as the degree to which a substance can harm humans or animals. It is essential to study the toxicity of pharmaceutical products during the development process so that optimum dosage can be established for the administration of the drug.