ResourceSpectroscopy
Determination of Fluorine in Copper Concentrate
Determination of Fluorine in Copper Concentrate
9 Jul 2015This application note demonstrates the use of the contrAA series from Analytik Jena in the determination of fluorine in copper concentrate. Copper concentrate is the first commercial product of the copper production process, comprising of copper, iron and sulfides. However, it can also contain fluorine in the form of rock minerals, and more than 1000ppm fluorine can affect the sulfuric acid units of copper smelters.
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Atomic Absorption / Emission SpectroscopyAtomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) — also called optical emission spectroscopy (OES) — are used to detect the elemental constituents in samples. Both techniques involve the atomization of a sample. Atomic absorption spectrometers may use a flame or furnace to create an atomic vapor of the sample before irradiation with spectral light. Optical emission spectrometers may use a flame, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), microwave plasma (MP) or spark arcs to atomize and excite the sample. At higher excitation energies, electrons can be emitted instead of photons, which can be useful for samples that can’t be atomized and for surface analysis. Explore electron spectroscopy equipment such as Auger spectrometers and photoelectron spectrometers for surface elemental analysis of samples. Find the best atomic absorption, photoelectron and optical emission spectrometers in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Thermal Analysis EquipmentThermal analysis equipment is used for measuring heat flow, weight loss, dimension changes or thermomechanical properties and is important for analyzing a material’s performance and stability. Thermal analysis equipment includes differential scanning calorimeters (DSC), thermogravimetric analyzers (TGA), thermomechanical analyzers (TMA), dilatometers, thermometers, vapor sorption analyzers, boiling and melting point apparatus. Thermal analyzers can reveal properties such as melting, crystallization and glass transitions or other processes such as oxidation, decomposition, volatilization, as well as coefficients of thermal expansion and modulus. Find the best thermal analysis equipment in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Absorbance ReaderGraphite FurnaceTrace Level ImpuritiesTrace level impurities refer to low concentrations of unwanted substances found in chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other products. Detecting and removing these impurities is crucial for product safety and regulatory compliance. Explore trace impurity analysis tools in our peer-reviewed product directory; compare products, check reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.Mining