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Clinically Related Protein-Peptide Interactions Monitored in Real Time on Novel Peptide Chips by Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging
Clinically Related Protein-Peptide Interactions Monitored in Real Time on Novel Peptide Chips by Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging
14 Dec 2015Proteins constitute the essential machinery in cellular life; almost all cellular responses are triggered by protein-protein interactions. Performing assays to specifically analyze binding phenomena is important for understanding cellular mechanisms and for designing pharmacologic targets. These events cannot be studied with RNA/DNA chips because RNA concentrations do not always correlate with protein production and/or activity. Optical detection by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is an accurate, one-step method for the real-time direct measurement of ligand binding without labeling. However, this approach does not allow for parallel analysis on a single chip bearing an array of proteins or peptides. The aim of this application note is to describe the advantages of combining the use of peptide chips with direct label-free detection as achieved by SPR imaging (SPRi).
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Cell-Based AssaysCell-based assays are used to monitor the presence, quantity and activities of a desired cellular analyte including drug molecules or biomarkers. This can reveal information on cell health (apoptosis, cytotoxicity, viability and proliferation assays), cell metabolism, cell migration and cell signaling mechanisms. Find the best cell-based assay products, kits and equipment with our peer reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receiving pricing direct from manufacturers.DNA / RNA Extraction and PurificationPurified DNA and RNA are required for numerous downstream molecular biology applications. Consequently, the importance of high-quality DNA/RNA extraction and purification equipment cannot be underestimated. Many purification kits are available and are typically optimized for nucleic acid type and source, including plasmid DNA, genomic DNA, mRNA, RNA and viral nucleic acid purification kits. Automated extraction and purification of nucleic acids can be implemented with magnetic bead separator instruments or high-throughput purification workstations. Find the best DNA/RNA extraction and purification equipment in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Protein PurificationProtein purification is a vital step in drug discovery, therapeutics, biotech and life science research. The purification process typically involves subcellular or membrane protein extraction with cell lysis kits, separation of proteins from cell debris by filtration or spin columns, and the isolation of proteins of interest from other proteins and impurities with affinity purification (including fusion protein tags and antibody binding proteins A, G and L), immunoprecipitation or chromatographic methods, such as ion exchange, size exclusion and immobilized metal affinity chromatography. All purification methods come in multiple formats for your laboratory needs, including agarose or magnetic beads, resins, columns and filter plates. Find the best protein purification equipment in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Clinical ChemistryBiochemistry (or clinical chemistry) involves the analysis of bodily fluids using chemical tests. Techniques used include HPLC, chromatography, spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, immunochemical, electrophoresis, turbidometric / spectrophotometric assay, MRI and ISE analysis. Tests are often carried out on plasma or serum but urine (urinalysis) and fecal specimens are also processed.DNA / RNA QuantificationDetection and quantification of nucleic acids is important in molecular biology, cloning, expression, forensics and clinical diagnostics. Nucleic acids can be detected by labeling with colorimetric, fluorescent or radio labels and using in situ hybridization kits to identify specific sequences. Multiple nucleic acids can be detected and quantified at once using RNA / DNA detection beads or RNA / DNA microarrays. Find the best DNA / RNA Quantification products in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Protein InteractionsProtein interactions are essential for understanding cellular processes, as proteins work together to carry out biological functions. Studying protein interactions can provide insights into disease mechanisms, drug development, and cell signaling pathways. Explore the best tools for protein interaction research in our peer-reviewed product directory; compare products, check reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.PeptidesPeptides are short chains of amino acids that play key roles in biological processes, including signaling, immune responses, and enzyme regulation. Peptide research is critical in drug discovery, diagnostics, and vaccine development. Browse our peer-reviewed product directory to find the best peptides and peptide-related products, compare options, check reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.ImagingImaging techniques are essential for obtaining visual representations of samples to understand structures, processes, and function in biological, chemical, and physical research. These tools range from traditional light microscopy to advanced imaging modalities like MRI and electron microscopy, providing researchers with valuable data for diagnostics, drug discovery, and material analysis. Explore imaging solutions in our peer-reviewed product directory to compare products, check reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.Cell BiologyCell biology studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells. Understanding cellular processes is essential for research in areas such as cancer biology, stem cell research, and neurobiology. Techniques like flow cytometry, microscopy, and cell culture enable researchers to explore cellular mechanisms in detail. Browse our peer-reviewed product directory to find the best cell biology tools and equipment, compare products, check customer reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.RNARNA is a nucleic acid that plays a key role in gene expression and protein synthesis. It serves as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes, carrying genetic instructions to produce proteins. Advances in RNA-based therapies, such as mRNA vaccines and gene editing, have revolutionized treatment strategies for genetic disorders and infectious diseases. Explore RNA research tools and therapies in our peer-reviewed product directory; compare products, check customer reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.Surface Plasmon ResonanceLabel-Free AnalysisPharmaceuticalsPharmaceuticals are medicinal drugs used in healthcare to diagnose, prevent, cure and treat illnesses. Pharmaceuticals that are excreted after use appear in wastewater and can have detrimental effects on the environment.