ResourceSpectroscopy
Application of Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) to Monitoring Pharmaceutical Lyophilization
3 Dec 2014This white paper provides an overview of Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) and its application for monitoring freeze drying processes. Through the combination of TDLAS measurements and a well-established heat and mass transfer model describing freeze drying, users can obtain information about Key Process Parameters (KPPs) affecting end product quality.
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Near Infrared SpectroscopyNear-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy measures the interaction of near-infrared light with a sample, including transmission, reflectance and absorbance, facilitating the identification of analytes. Measurements can be conducted using a Fourier-transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectrometer, while there are also UV-Vis- NIR spectrophotometers that measure a broader spectrum of wavelengths. Find the best NIR spectroscopy products in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Refrigerators Freezers and CryogenicsRefrigerators, Freezers & Cryogenics can be used for preservation or experimental purposes. Types of freezers include deep freeze, -80C°C, ultra-low temperature, explosion proof, cryogenic and controlled rate freezers. Freezing is also used in freeze-drying equipment for dehydration processes. Feature to consider in freezers include temperature control and recorders, failure alarms and self-closing mechanisms.Evaporators and Freeze DryersCentrifugal evaporation is used for solvent removal from a sample. This is a useful technique for sample concentration or sample drying. Many centrifugal evaporators are modular with a central vacuum pump for generating low pressure. Useful features of evaporators or vacuum ovens include minimal solvent bumping, solvent resistance, computer control, temperature regulation and benchtop design.Lyophilization