Advancements in sample preparation: From cell disruption to homogenization and pulverization of biological samples

25 May 2023

In this application note, RETSCH GmbH discusses the importance of sample preparation for various biological materials. RETSCH offers a range of mills and grinders for pulverization, cell disruption, and homogenization of biological samples. The note highlights the use of RETSCH mills for applications such as cell disruption of yeasts, microalgae, and bacteria, homogenization of soft and tough samples like sputum or liver, cryogenic grinding, and pulverization of forensic samples.

Mixer Mill MM 400

Retsch GmbH

The mixer mill MM 400 is a compact versatile bench-top unit, which has been developed specially for dry, wet and cryogenic grinding of small amounts of sample.

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Eppendorf Tubes® 5.0 mL

Eppendorf

Eppendorf Tubes are the benchmark for simple and safe sample preparation from 0.5 to 2.0 mL. For larger volumes, 15 mL and 50 mL conical tubes are available. With medium sample volumes you may face an issue: they need to be processed with large conical screw cap tubes - impractical, inconvenient and often prone to contamination. Eppendorf now offers the "missing link": the Eppendorf Tube 5.0 mL. This product fills the gap between existing tube versions and enables the simple and safe processing of sample volumes up to 5.0 mL!Eppendorf Tubes® 5.0 mL Features: Ergonomic operation - Simple, practical and ergonomic single-hand operation. Large labeling area. Lid design - Hinged lid for minimized sample evaporation during storage and incubation in a wide range of temperatures from -86 °C to 80 °C. Material - Exceptionally high-quality, transparent polypropylene, free of plasticizers, biocides or mold release agents, for reliable test results. Certified purity - Available in lot-tested and certified Eppendorf Quality, PCR clean, Sterile and Eppendorf Biopur® purity levels. Centrifugation safety - Maximum safety and stability for centrifugation up to 25,000 × g and fast and efficient protocols. Conical shape - Compatible with accessories for conical 15 mL tubes - many existing adapters and racks can be used. Sample recovery - Available in Eppendorf LoBind® material for maximum recovery of valuable samples. Applications: Easier processing of samples up to 5.0 mL Higher yields in DNA isolation, especially with samples with limited quantity of source material Convenient and safe cell culture applications Easier sample access lowers the risk of contamination Preparation of mastermixes and buffers Less storage space needed Safe cell and tissue lysis

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Cell / Tissue CultureCell culture or tissue culture is used to study the biology of cells or tissues and to isolate cellular products in an environment which can be manipulated and well defined. Accurately control your culture environment with bioreactors or culture incubators, bind your cells to a surface or together with an extracellular matrix. Distinguish cell types with differential media or proliferate cells with certain characteristics using selective media. Enrich your media with supplements such as growth factors, sera and vitamins. Find the best cell and tissue culture products, kits and equipment in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Cell Lines Stem Cells and Primary CellsPrimary cell cultures, established cell lines and stem cells are vital for <i>in vitro</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> experimentation. High-quality cells, optimized for your applications, alongside optimized cell substrates, growth medium and supplements, are critical for experimental success. Explore a range of cells suitable for your applications, including isogenic cell lines, competent cells, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cell lines, fungal/bacterial/mammalian cell lines, stem cells and cancer cell lines. Find the best cells for your research in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.DNA / RNA Extraction and PurificationPurified DNA and RNA are required for numerous downstream molecular biology applications. Consequently, the importance of high-quality DNA/RNA extraction and purification equipment cannot be underestimated. Many purification kits are available and are typically optimized for nucleic acid type and source, including plasmid DNA, genomic DNA, mRNA, RNA and viral nucleic acid purification kits. Automated extraction and purification of nucleic acids can be implemented with magnetic bead separator instruments or high-throughput purification workstations. Find the best DNA/RNA extraction and purification equipment in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Mills, Sieves and PressesMills, sieves and presses are used to break and sort solid materials into smaller particle sizes for further processing such as pellet pressing or analysis. Milling equipment includes grinders, ball mills, cutting mills, jaw crushers, knife mills, beater and planetary mills. Sorting of smaller particulates can be achieved with test sieves and sieve shakers. Final powders can be pressed with hydraulic presses. Milling and pressing solid samples is an important preparation step in X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and diffraction (XRD). Find the best mills, sieves and presses in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Sample PreparationSample preparation can improve the quality and speed of separation techniques. Products to assist sample preparation include filtration equipment, evaporators, membranes and sieves.GrindingMillingMilling is the process of grinding, crushing, or cutting materials into smaller parts. In scientific research, it plays a crucial role in sample preparation for analysis in areas such as food, pharmaceuticals, and materials science. Explore milling equipment in our peer-reviewed product directory; compare products, check reviews, and get pricing directly from manufacturers.
Advancements in sample preparation: From cell disruption to homogenization and pulverization of biological samples