Webinar Highlights: Rapidly Characterize Antibody-Drug Conjugates and Derive Drug-to-Antibody Ratios Using LC/MS

12 May 2017
Alex Waite
Editorial Assistant

Expert insights

 

Dr Ning Tang, Biopharma Discovery Segment Marketing Manager at Agilent Technologies 

In a recent SelectScience webinar Dr Ning Tang, Biopharma Discovery Segment Marketing Manager at Agilent Technologies, discussed challenges in characterizing Antibody-Drug Conjugates and how LC/MS technology can be used to overcome them. She also introduces new technology being used for rapid Drug-to-Antibody Ratio (DAR) calculations.

In this article read the highlights of the Q&A session from Dr Tang’s presentation, or watch it again on demand here.

Q: What is the loading capacity of the AssayMAP protein A cartridge?

A: The AssayMAP protein A and protein G cartridges have quantitative binding capacity (less than 10% of the load in the flow through) of approximately 100 microgram of antibody. The capacity for other cartridge depends on the resin type. A complete description of the capacity of all the AssayMAP cartridge types can be found in the AssayMAP Cartridge Selection Guide.

Q: I typically deglycosylate my ADCs after I purify them, can your automated platform do this?

A: Yes, absolutely, the AssayMAP platform allows you to automate the multiple steps required for executing complex sample preparation workflows. The AssayMAP platform comes with easy-to-use applications for doing affinity purification, glycan analysis, digestion, peptide clean-up, phosphopeptide enrichment, and peptide fractionation. You can combine these applications in any order allowing you to address a vast array of complex sample preparation workflows.

Q: You showed an example of purifying an ADC out of serum using the antigen as the capture ligand, have you tried a similar experiment where you immobilize a capture antibody targeted against the ADC?

A: Yes, you can purify the ADC out of serum using a biotinylate antigen as we showed in the webinar. We have also immobilized a biotinylated antibody against ADC to purify the ADC out of serum. This works if the capture antibody has high affinity and specificity.

Q: Is the MassHunter ADC DAR calculator available, will it be included in BioConfirm software?

A: Yes, the DAR calculator is available now, it is one of the options of the MassHunter BioConfirm software so you just have to specify that you want to have the DAR calculator on top of the BioConfirm software package.

Q: Can the AssayMAP cartridges be reused?

A: We recommend AssayMAP cartridges be considered single use. AssayMAP cartridges are effectively 5 µL packed bed columns so if you want to explore re-use treat them like columns by using stringent washes and proper storage solutions. However, we do recommend single use for these tips to ensure the best performance.

Q: In the positive displacement pipetting step is there a problem of leftover samples that might be in the next run?

A: Any concerns about carryover between runs can be addressed using the Syringe Wash utility included in the AssayMAP software package. This utility can be used to wash the syringes with the appropriate wash solution to ensure there is no run-to-run carryover.

Watch the webinar again on demand, or find out more about the latest technologies for Drug Discovery and Development on our dedicated page.

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Sample PreparationSample preparation can improve the quality and speed of separation techniques. Products to assist sample preparation include filtration equipment, evaporators, membranes and sieves.LC-MSLC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) systems and equipment are used for separation and quantitative analysis of complex mixtures, combining liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Quantify proteins, contaminants, pesticides or screen for drug metabolites with a high level of sensitivity. LC-MS systems and equipment include reverse phase, normal phase and specialized columns integrated with various MS detectors such as time-of-flight (TOF), quadrupole, orbitrap or ion trap mass analyzers. LC-MS/MS instruments equipped with a qTOF or triple quadrupole analyzer give greater sensitivity and resolving power to your analysis. Find the best LC-MS equipment in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.AntibodiesAntibodies are used in techniques such as confocal and fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, ELISA, ELISPOT, immunohistochemistry, western blotting and immunopreciptation. Select specific antigen reactivity, high specific affinity, low non-specific binding, monoclonal or polyclonal, primary or secondary antibodies and associated conjugates such as an enzyme or dye for visualization.Cell Adhesion AssaysCell adhesion assays are used to quantitate attachment and analyze the molecular mechanisms for extracellular matrix adhesion, cell migration and sensitivity to inhibitors. Find the best cell adhesion assay equipment in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Combinatorial ChemistryCombinatorial chemistry, also known as combichem, is a technique used in drug discovery to create libraries of structurally related compounds. A library is generated by synthesis with a chemical reactor system or by computer-based modeling of compound combinations. When undertaking combinatorial chemistry consider reagents, buffers, resins and standards.GlycobiologyGlycobiology encompasses research into the biological functions, synthesis and structures of glycans, including glycoproteins, glycolipids, proteoglycans and free oligosaccharides. Mass spectrometers and their software are commonly used in the study of glycobiology, along with structure predicting tools, chromatography and NMR.ProteomicsProteomics is the systemic bioinformatics study of proteins and amino acids, including their structure, size, function and identification. Tools used in proteomics include chromatography, blotting and gels, protein arrays, mass spectrometry and ELISA and associated analysis software. Analyzers and proteomic systems should be sensitive, high resolution, fast and may be automated for high-throughput.Sample ManagementSample management systems include sample storage devices such as freezers and plate storers, sample environment enclosures and sample organization, retrieval and sorter systems. Useful system features include high-throughput, automation, robotic arms, automated liquid handling and associated database systems. Accessories in sample management include barcode scanners, heat sealers and tubes.Assay AssemblyAssay Assembly is technique used in drug discovery to develop assays to test the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, or other activities of a compound on a cell. Assay assembly requires chip assembly, a delivery system and a detection and analysis method. Beneficial features of assay kits or automated systems include high-throughput, high speed and sensitivity and low signal to noise ratio.Process ChemistryProcess chemistry is an important stage of drug development for scaling-up drug production or chemical synthesis reactions. It is useful for optimizing economical and efficient drug production. Process chemistry uses reactors and pump systems as well as reagents, standards and buffers.Cell-Based AssaysCell-based assays are used to monitor the presence, quantity and activities of a desired cellular analyte including drug molecules or biomarkers. This can reveal information on cell health (apoptosis, cytotoxicity, viability and proliferation assays), cell metabolism, cell migration and cell signaling mechanisms. Find the best cell-based assay products, kits and equipment with our peer reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receiving pricing direct from manufacturers.Protein PurificationProtein purification is a vital step in drug discovery, therapeutics, biotech and life science research. The purification process typically involves subcellular or membrane protein extraction with cell lysis kits, separation of proteins from cell debris by filtration or spin columns, and the isolation of proteins of interest from other proteins and impurities with affinity purification (including fusion protein tags and antibody binding proteins A, G and L), immunoprecipitation or chromatographic methods, such as ion exchange, size exclusion and immobilized metal affinity chromatography. All purification methods come in multiple formats for your laboratory needs, including agarose or magnetic beads, resins, columns and filter plates. Find the best protein purification equipment in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Biopharmaceutical AdvancesBiopharmaceutical advances follow the development of pharmaceuticals derived from biotechnology, also known as biotechnology medicines. Biopharmaceuticals may be produced from cell lines, plants, or microbial cells. Important considerations of biopharmaceutical use include application, cost, production process and purification.Robotic InstrumentsRobotic instruments can be used for high-throughput automation of many lab processes. Such processes use instruments for assays like cell based assays and ELISA, for sample preparation like shakers, centrifuges and incubators, and for analysis such as sequencing and western blot analyzers. Useful features of robotic instruments include speed, reproducibility, barcode readers, software and automation.Robotic WorkstationsRobotic workstations are automated platforms enabling the user to perform high-throughput, multi-application processes, from sample preparation tasks such as PCR set-up, DNA purification and NGS library preparation, to integrated sample prep and analysis workstations. Automation makes processes consistent, fast, precise and fully walk-away. Find the best robotic workstations in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.