Microplastics analysis reveals the scale of plastic pollution

Dive into the world of microplastics analysis and witness the power of innovative research in combating environmental pollution

12 Oct 2023
Georgina Wynne Hughes
Editorial Assistant

Editorial article

Hands holding small plastic fragments on the beach
Microscopic plastic fragments have infiltrated various ecosystems. Image © David Pereiras Villagrá @123rf.com

New methods are enabling the comprehensive analysis of microplastics to better understand their environmental impact.

In recent years, the global scientific community has turned its attention to the pressing issue of microplastics – tiny fragments of plastic that have infiltrated our environment and pose a significant threat to ecosystems and human health. As awareness of this pervasive problem grows, so has the urgency to develop innovative methods for accurate and efficient analysis of microplastics.

Microplastics, defined as plastic particles measuring less than 5 mm in size, have become an environmental concern of unprecedented scale. From the depths of the oceans to the most remote corners of the planet, these microscopic plastic fragments have infiltrated various ecosystems, endangering marine life, contaminating freshwater resources, and potentially entering the food chain. The adverse effects of microplastics are far-reaching, raising concerns about ecological disruptions and potential human health risks. Therefore, it is imperative to advance our understanding of the distribution, abundance, and characteristics of microplastics through robust and efficient analytical techniques.

Over the past few years, the field of microplastics analysis has witnessed remarkable progress. Traditional methods, such as visual identification under a microscope, have been complemented and enhanced by innovative technologies. Advanced spectroscopic techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, provide valuable insights into the chemical composition and polymer identification of microplastics. These methods enable more accurate quantification, classification, and source tracking of microplastics, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of their environmental impact. Here, we detail some of the latest technologies and methods advancing microplastics analysis.

Automated microparticle analysis by Raman microscopy

ParticleScout is an advanced analysis tool from WITec, designed for use with the alpha300 Raman microscope series. This cutting-edge technology precisely locates, categorizes, identifies, and quantifies particles across expansive sample areas. By employing automated routines, ParticleScout efficiently sorts particles and captures their Raman spectra, enabling the generation of comprehensive reports that offer a detailed and insightful overview of the sample under investigation.

Discover the capabilities of ParticleScout and explore how this innovative technology enables the identification and classification of microplastic particles, as well as the accurate quantification of these particles in wastewater.

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Multimodal correlative imaging of microplastics: Advanced detection and identification with Raman-SEM correlation

In this application note, ZEISS presents a study on multimodal correlative imaging of microplastics. The study explores the detection and identification of microplastics in various environments, highlighting the challenges posed by their small sizes. It emphasizes the benefits of combining scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman microscopy for enhanced analysis, along with the introduction of a particle identification method based on machine learning software. The note also discusses the use of the nanoGPS chip for precise sample registration and the ZEN Connect software for efficient data processing and correlation. Overall, the study showcases the advantages of SEM-Raman correlation and the potential of machine learning-based particle identification in microplastic analysis.

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An SEM image of a microplastic particle is used in microplastics analysis
Microplastics analysis: An SEM image of a microplastic particle taken using a ZEISS microscope

Overcoming hurdles in the plastic circular economy

The plastic waste industry faces significant challenges in managing the growing volume of plastic waste and mitigating its environmental impact, from the sustainability of new materials, to increasing regulations and the recycling and regeneration of plastic waste.

Gain valuable insights from sustainability and regulatory advisors, along with renowned scientists in this on-demand webinar, as they discuss the challenges of the plastic waste industry and how HORIBA Scientific is actively supporting the transition towards a sustainable future.

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Detailed characterization of micro and nanoplastics using Raman spectroscopy

In this informative video, scientists from HORIBA Scientific delve into the significance of microplastics research and provide a comprehensive guide on the precise identification and characterization of micro and nanoplastics using the ParticleFinder module for the LabSpec 6 Spectroscopy Suite software platform. This advanced technology offers laboratory scientists a powerful tool for efficient particle analysis, automated particle localization, and detailed chemical characterization using Raman spectroscopy.

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Quantify the dynamics of plastic degradation: Particle size analysis of microplastics by single particle ICP-MS

Gain foresight into the future of microplastics research with an innovative study from Agilent Technologies that explores the effects of simulated UV degradation on polystyrene microbeads. Download this application note to discover cutting-edge techniques, such as single particle ICP-MS, utilized to quantify the generation of micro- and nano-sized particles and learn how they can help unveil the potential implications of long-term microplastic retention in the environment.

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Imaging measurement and particle characterization of microplastics using infrared microscopy

In this application note, Jasco demonstrates how infrared microscopy can be used to identify microplastics and measure their physical properties, such as size and circulatory. The FT/IR-6000 Series FT-IR Spectrometer and IRT-7000 FT-IR Microscope were utilized for precise analyses of samples.

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Want to learn more? Head over to our dedicated environmental community page to stay informed on the latest research, industry news, techniques and upcoming webinars in the environmental sciences.

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Fluorescence SpectroscopyFluorometers and spectrofluorometers (also called fluorescence spectrometers) are used to measure the intensity and wavelength of fluorescent light emitted from a sample after excitation by illumination. Spectrofluorometers utilize monochromators to select the desired wavelengths, whereas filter fluorometers employ a set of filters. Spectrofluorometers for measuring steady-state fluorescence and lifetime fluorescence (or time-resolved fluorescence) are available, as well as fluorescence microscopes and microplate readers. Find the best fluorescence spectroscopy products in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Mass SpectrometryMass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful analytical technique used to identify and quantify molecules based on the mass-to-charge ratio of gas-phase ions. It provides detailed information about the structure, composition, and properties of compounds and is widely used across fields such as environmental monitoring, materials science, drug discovery and development, food and beverage testing, and wider chemical research. Key MS techniques include tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LS-MS) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS). Choosing from these wide range of techniques and technologies can be a daunting task, so keep up to date with scientific applications, performance expectations, and customer reviews here all in one place. Visit our product directory to receive quotes direct from the manufacturer. Raman SpectroscopyRaman spectroscopy is used to discern the vibrational and rotational states of molecules and hence the chemical composition of a sample by measuring the inelastic scattering of monochromatic light. Explore a range of Raman spectrometers, including handheld/portable Raman spectrometers for QC/QA labs and in situ spectrometers for processes. Conduct Raman imaging for microanalysis of mixed samples using a Raman microscope. Raman spectrographs are also available. Find the best Raman spectroscopy products in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Environmental Monitoring and TestingEnvironmental monitoring and testing uses handheld portable analyzers, kits, spectrometers or chromatography systems for air, water, soil, food and other sample testing. Useful features of analyzers such as BOD and COD include portability, easy calibration, automation and sensitivity.  Environmental test kits for pH, water, moisture, etc, should be accurate, sensitive, reliable, fast and easy to use.Light MicroscopyLight microscopes or optical microscopes are used to visualize microscale objects under magnification, including cells, clinical specimens and materials. Lab equipment for light microscopy includes confocal microscopes, fluorescence microscopes, zoom and stereo microscopes. Microscope slides and imaging reagents are available for visualizing samples, as well as various microscope stages and incubators for large or temperature-sensitive samples. Find the best light microscopes in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Electron MicroscopyElectron microscopes (EM) are used to create high-resolution images of samples at the nanoscale by means of an accelerated beam of electrons as a source of illumination. Types of electron microscope include scanning electron microscopes (SEM), transmission electron microscopes (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEM) and cryo-electron microscopes. Focused ion beam (FIB) microscopes are useful for modifying or milling a sample surface with nanometer precision, as well as imaging. Find the best electron microscopes in our peer-reviewed product directory: compare products, check customer reviews and receive pricing direct from manufacturers.Environmental ContaminationContaminants in the environment are harmful chemicals that are present in the air, land and water. These include pesticides, pharmaceuticals, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and many more.Environmental AnalysisEnvironmental analysis describes a variety of tests that determine the effect of chemicals, processes and particulates such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have on the environment.